Mohamed Mbaye

Aware of Africa’s political and strategic importance, these states have chosen a continental economic diplomacy, although some doubt whether it can effectively ensure sustainable development. While not minimizing the capacity of these states to find their place in globalization, it is evident that, until now, Africa has been sidelined, more of a subject of contention than an active participant in the emergence of new power centers. Structural and institutional transformation thus emerges as one of the key political priorities in the region.
Indeed, Africa continues to present itself as a continent plagued by chronic poverty, civil wars, repeated coups, and famine, reflecting a lack of unity. Therefore, the alternative is regional economic integration capable of shielding the continent from global marginalization. This integration is being pursued through the establishment of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), adopted on May 21, 2018, in Kigali, and which came into force on May 30, 2019, following the deposit of the 22nd ratification. As of January 1, 2021, the AfCFTA became operational.
According to UNCTAD, the AfCFTA will result in the creation of a single continental market, encompassing more than 1.3 billion consumers and a total annual production of 2.5 trillion dollars. This agreement will significantly boost intra-African trade, which currently stands at only 16%, compared to 60% in Europe and over 40% in Asia. Additionally, the agreement will establish a protocol on the free movement of people, as travel between African countries remains difficult. Thus, it serves as a tool for connecting African peoples, fostering greater cooperation and unity across the continent.